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Basic Electronics subject suggestion (26811) বেসিক ইলেকট্রনিক্স সাজেশন
অতি সংক্ষিপ্ত প্রশ্ন Co – Valent bond কি? সোল্ডারিং এর প্রয়োজনীয় যন্ত্রপাতি কি কি উল্লেখ কর? জার্মেনিয়াম এর পারমাণবিক গঠন অংকন করে দেখাও? সোল্ডারিং বলতে কি বুঝ? রেজিস্টার ট্রলারেন্স বলতে কি বুঝ? দুইটি সেমিকন্ডাক্টর পদার্থের নাম লেখ। কালার কোড কি? Dopping কি? হোল এবং ইলেকট্রন কি? সংক্ষিপ্ত 1. মেজরিটি ও মাইনরিটি ক্যারিয়ার বলতে কি বুঝ? 2.N- Type সেমিকন্ডাক্টর কাকে বলে। চিত্রসহ বর্ণনা কর। 3…
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#basic electronics#Basic Electronics subject suggestion#Civil Department#Computer Depart ment#Diploma book#Electrical Department
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Sri Lanka is facing its worst economic crisis since its independence. It is in dire need of foreign exchange reserves to repay the past debt and import essential goods. There is a state of chaos with power cuts extending upto 12 hours, a shortage of essentials in hospitals, a lack of paper to conduct school examinations, and no fuel at gas stations. From 1983 to 2009 the 25 years of civil war in Sri Lanka caused a massive impact on its foreign exchange reserve. The war was predicted to have cost $00 billion which is nearly five times as much as the Sri Lankan GDP (2009). The shortage of foreign exchange reserves in the country is due to the short-sightedness of the ruling Government. Sri Lanka has a huge public debt of about 110 per cent of its GDP. The Sri Lankan rupee has gone to a record low value against the US dollar. This is due to large tax cuts by the government, which affected government revenues and fiscal policies. To cover the deficit in the budget the government started to print more money, which further increased its inflation rate from 15.1 per cent to 18.7 per cent. Sri Lankan rupee was 299.95 vs US dollar on April 5, 2022. Experts conclude that the country’s higher imports of essential goods (sugar, pulses, cereals, and pharmaceuticals) are one of the reasons for the falling foreign exchange reserve. In 2019 the then newly-formed government promised to revive the growth of the Sri Lankan economy and reduce Value Added Tax (VAT) on the ground that a lesser tax rate would attract more consumer expenditure which would pay the incurred deficit to them. But the pandemic disturbed the cycle of increasing consumption expendi-ture and led to a failure of tax cuts in VAT.
This caused a severe reduction in govern-ment revenue. In April 2021, in order to revive the falling foreign exchange reserve, President Gota-baya Rajapaksa announced a complete shift to organic farming banning all chemical and inorganic fertilizers. A part of the nation’s economy is spent on importing chemi-cal fertilizers. Instead, it caused a negative effect on the economy, causing huge eco-nomic losses. The decision toshift organic farming in the coming decade was a good idea but the overnight shift impacted negatively. Transforming the production of tea and other agricultural products to organic farming led to lower yields that resulted in a loss of $425 million. Sri Lanka which was self-sufficient in rice production ended up importing rice within six months. Tea was a major item of export which contributed 16.57 per cent of total export income, but no longer. Negative effects on the economy, continuous protests and rising food prices made the government reverse its decision in November 2021. The Easter Sunday bombings in 2019 and the Covid pandemic led to a downturn in tourism that accounts for 12.9 per cent of GDP. The sector didnot show any signs of recovery till November 2021, when the government removed the quarantine meas-ures for vaccinated visitors. The war between Russia and Ukraine further accelerated the weakening economyas 25 per cent of the tourists come from Russia and Ukraine. Sri Lanka is also facing a labour shortage. In 2018, Malik Fernando, head of the industry body of the Tourism Skills Committee said the country needs 100,000 more tourism sector employees within the next three years. At present, Sri Lanka has $2.3 billion foreign reserves. This is insufficient to pay for-eign debt obligations of 7$ billion and the International Sovereign Bond (ISB) payment of $1 billion for 2022. The World Bank, however, hopes the economy will revive although there will be many challenges.
(Gupta is Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities and Management Science, and Kansal is in the Computer Science First year, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur. The views expressed are personal.)
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I come from ff.net. Well more like the app than the actual site. I really never use my computer so most of my reading is done on and through my phone. That's kind of why I prefer ff.net as adverse to ao3, because the app automatically updates any fic you have downloaded which is another cool feature. Whereas ao3 I have to recieve notifications through my email, which is currently under attack by spam in all of my inboxes.
Another thing is the downloads in case I want to read offline because again, I primarily use my phone. This is going to sound lazy but I don't like going through my files just to delete the previous downloaded update. And the ff.net app does it automatically.
When talking about the actually sites. I prefer ao3 one hundred times over because the ff.net website is so junky. Not to mention the terrible comment system. Jeez, I'll give several points to ao3 in that department.
I kind of just wish ao3 would have an app so that way I could do away with ff.net but alas, it was not ment t to be.
All of this being said, I really like ao3. I like the diverse filter system, the comment system, it just feels more... refined. Also I've seen some pretty cool and original work skins on ao3.
I hope you've benefited on your break from Tumblr and I also have gotta say, love the art.
Yes these are all reasons for using FFN which make sense, and you probably speak for a lot of people.
The reason AO3 will never be an app is because it hosts explicit content. I think this is a question AO3 regularly fights off, but that's the drawback of being a relatively uncensored platform. But AO3 is superior to FFN's review system, I agree. Overall I enjoy the comments a lot.
People on FFN don't really 'talk' to me so there's not a lot of interaction there as it is, it's the comments on AO3 I get to talk to people. I also really want to read the reviews for recent chapters but I got a bit scared and now I haven't looked in a few weeks so I have to bite the bullet, I also am not sure if people want messages back from me? I can't even check emails so this is a pattern of behaviour for me. I'll get around to looking after I have an appointment today.
To be fair AO3 was made much later than FFN, and FFN clearly hasn't changed fundamentally in a long long time. That's probably why the fic upload system is so archaic and backwards lol (another of my issues with it). AO3 also had the benefit of being an archive made in response to the failings of other archives (... like FFN, or the change of del.icious). You can read the fanlore page about its founding here.
And yeah I use a workskin for AO3. I get that some people don't care about how something is read or what it looks like but I like that I can make it pretty.
I'm sitting here trying to think of a solution (one I can propose: make a fandom/online stuff only email) but I do want to note the reason I don't upload concurrent chapters across AO3 and FFN is because it's impossible to maintain the same one at the same time, especially if I catch typoes after posting. It's not just because I hate FFN. I think it would be unfair of me to treat FFN worse because the website is stupid.
Besides it makes sense there's somewhat of a split across AO3/FFN. Partisan splits are a necessary part of any group (here, fandom). Basically second-nature to tend towards schism
I'm sure there's something Campbell in there somewhere (trying to get back to being one) etc. etc.
I would offer to send you an... email of the chapters uploaded to AO3 ahead of FFN? Like a direct .pdf if that would help? But I mean if you really really wanna read the next chapter, you can open up Firefox or whatever browser people use these days. I don't hold it against you if you'd prefer to use FFN and just skip that. There's just going to be gaps in chapters on FFN later on of missing scenes, and I did take 'cunt' out of Chapter 9 because, even if it's allowed, I can only imagine it might have scared FFN users.
But yes it is helpful to hear from a mobile user who uses FFN, because literally every fandom I've been in before R/WBY didn't use FFN very much at all. There's some Reylo fic I saw uploaded to FFN but otherwise I didn't even know people used it much at all, so it's quite a surprise. I imagine that's probably to do with RWBY viewer demographic (anime, more men. Not trying to make a gender normative statement just observing there are differences).
Anyway, the more relevant point here is that you're on my Tumblr blog and I talk about the AO3 chapters, not the FFN order. I didn't expect any FFN users would bother to come to Tumblr, I figured if their interest was sparked they would go AO3 -> Tumblr. So I'm sorry about that. I guess I have to ask do you use Tumblr very much at all?
But I hope I haven't made you feel... bad using FFN. I figured more casual readers are on FFN anyway, I don't begrudge less interaction or using the app in preference over browser. The 'real' version is on AO3 but if people bite on FFN and seem to like it, that's really nice.
Finally, thanks for liking my art! That's very sweet of you! And yes, the break did me good on the fic front.
Thank you for reading my fic, most importantly! I'm sure you know though that all of my oneshots are posted to AO3 and not FFN, so if you've missed out on those and you feel like opening on browser, those are there. But again thank you and hope you have a fab day. (:
tl;dr I'm glad you use the platform most comfortable for you, I'm sorry I can't maintain concurrent chapters across AO3 and FFN but it makes total sense why you use the latter (especially as a mobile user). I do post 'spoilers' about AO3 chapters on Tumblr though so I'm also sorry about that. Thanks for reading!
#seraphina's asks#user: anonymouse#my silly little stories#tangentially?#AO3 and FFN are anima and animus. that's what you're telling me.#typical.
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Static Shock notes 51
Episode 12 (51)
Gear’s wild ride. Static tried to catch him but the boy is slippery and wiggly like a pool noodle
Also the only thing that Omnara hacked was his skates. Not the computer/robot on his back with deadly lasers and saws
Static, Virgil Hawkins, who’s done computer and game programming for fun, and was accepted into a school for the gifted and did programming there… doesn’t know what a computer worm is? Fuck you writers.
...how is this chick a challenge? Gear had to reprogram his hit after Brainiac and update defenses are they trying to say this chick is as powerful as Brainiac?
Why did Virgil leave his blinds open while changing?
Karen is 2 seasons behind everything going on in the company
She’s not even getting fired, just transfered to another department
Why did she expect a currupt ceo who’s down with child murder to keep his end of a deal
Bye bitch
So the Freeman center work can go def into the night. SHaron is driving.
What the fuck did Puff do to the inside of that car?
Puff and Onyx kidnapp Mr. H
Sharon chases the bitches down instead of calling the cops and nearly gets killed
Static saves Sharon. Static saves Sharon and leave the car to spin off the freeway and into a building. So not only is the Hawkins finmily several thousand in debt now, there’s also a lot more collateral damage than nescessary. B/c Static has proven himself cabable of picking up/moving cars in the past
Static finds out his dad got kidnapped
Static goes out and beats up people until they tell him something he wants to hear
Puff uses a blowtorch to create a lightshow to attract Static
Again, Onyx contiues to have more common sense than Puff
Also they’ve given up the pretense of being bounty hunters
Also Static is bad at this. Like if Puff and Onyx weren’t dinguses they shoulda put two and two tgether based on how emotional he’s being
Also Static learned nothing from the ep were Daisy was in a coma about flying off the rails
When the fuck did Karen have the time and resources to build a secret undergound base?
Like, that base is clearly not a one person opperation
Why would Alva need a survalence system connected to every sattelite and camera in the world when Static almost exclusively operates in Dakota, can be reasonably expected to live in dakota, why waste resorces on shit ya don’t need to do?
If you pay them, Puff and Onyx will willingly work for you. Why is unwilling labor more appealing? This woman is a daft cunt.
Mr. H knows Static’s identity. But he only recently figured it out
Never ment to put his family in danger but did so by leaving them uninformed that they could be in danger. There were no downsides to his family not knowing his identity, but they were repetedly indangered by him not telling.
Static helps Omnara and makes jokes. Apparently he’s over being furious
How fucking huge is that computer
How the fuck did you implant a computer virus in every computer in the world?
It took Gear long enough to notice Static robbing shit and dogfighting with Alva’s company
Gear would take down Static if he turned bad.
Static places his family over the fate of the world
I’d be much more excited about this fight if Gear hasn’t consistantly been mostly useless since becoming a superhero
Gear uses actual fucking explosives against Static. Why did he give him time to recover… right Static has to win.
A very short fight. And yeah as soon as Static got a solid hit in Gear was down.
Wait a sec...OOOOOOO!!!
Gear split up with BacPac after STatic’s opening shot. That means the fight wasn’t over. Bacpac was circling around for an opening and STatic didn’t notice. I didn’t notice. Bacpac’s stealth for the win.
Ok like I know the writers probably had BacPaC LEAVE SO THAT HE WOULDN’T GET SHORTED OUT AND GEAR WOULDN’T BE ABLE TO HELP LATER and the reason Gear gave Static the time t recover and get back into the air to win the fight and I shouldn’t give them credit for shit. But I just love my robot son so much
Ok but I think Gear coulda won the fight
How does connecting her brain with all the tech on Earth allow her to float
Also Static, why the fuck whould she keep her end of the deal, she’s a supervillian
How does connecting her mind to all the computers on Earth (except bacpac) give her brain blasts?
Gear works quick
Gear finds out the villians main server of their super tech is their brain and is still gonna fuck it up. That boy’s a bit ruthless
World’s most dangerous limbo
So she’s just not worried about what was on that disk that he put in her computer?
Gear gets a brain blast to the chest
She controls every digital device to exist, except for Bacpac.
Why can she fly?!
Robert gets blasted
WHAT THE FUCK WHAT THE FUCK WHAT THE FUCK how big is this facility? Why is there a main hole over it? The sewer should be there! The main facility is in the junk yard how’d it strech to the middle of down town?!
What the fuck!
Mr. h easily guesses Gear’s identity
I mean, fuckin do it bitch, Alva’s a cunt and the people who work for him are morally banckrupt. Destroy his shit
Alva just calmly escapes
The boys destroy the missiles but get attacked by vehicles
And I wonder when the writers will remember that BacPac has a laser that can cut through steel so Gear could easily get free from the garbage truck
Ok so these expplosive zapcaps clearly have different charges and why did Gear use the weak ones wile fighting fucking Static?
Oh hey Gear’s virus kicked in
And destroyed this woman’s mind
Static is ok with it
Robort is mostly ok with the boys being heros
And yeah, these boys need to think of what to do when people learn their secret identities
You see its funny to keep Sharon in the dark b/c she just found out that she’s possibly thousands of dollors into debt and has to buy another car and is overracting by having the nerve to be angry. Oh right, that’s not funny
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Season 8 Episode 20: Pac-Man Fever
- Dean looks utterly confused to be waking up as an Army doctor from... What year is he in now? Did he time travel again? But hey! The name on his uniform is “Winchester!” And the music continues playing even though he removed the needle. Ok, move the table blocking the door... WOAH! That’s a lot of dead people!!! Goddamn it, Dean! How the fuck did you end up in 1951 now??
- Flashback to 24 hours earlier!!! HAHAHAHA!!! Man, Sam looks like hell. “Man, I’m telling you. Give me five minutes with a clipper and--” “Awh, shut up.” Wow! Sam lay down to sleep at noon the day before?? And now he has no reflexes to catch the bottle of beer. “It’s why we don’t have nice things, Sam.” Oof, Sam didn’t even hit the target. And he REALLY looks like shit. Good job make-up department.
- The Batcave just gets better and better. “Huh. This place must be in some kind of, like, Bermuda triangle.” “What, are you saying, that we can make and receive phone calls from here and nobody can track us? Man, I love this place.”
- OMG! CHARLIE IS STILL LARPING!!! HAHAHAHA!!! AND THE GUYS ARE INVITED TO THE JUBILEE!!! OMG!!! LOVE IT! NOOOO!!!!! CHARLIE FOUND THE SUPERNATURAL BOOKS FROM CHUCK!!!!! HAHAHAHAHAHA!!!!!!! “Thanks for saving the world. Sorry you have zero luck with the ladies.” “We need to find every single copy of those books and burn them.” They’re online now, so good luck with that.” “Awesome.”
- OMG I CAN’T EVEN!!!! DEAN IS TAKING HER SHOPPING WHILE FORGING HER FAKE ID!!! THE MUSIC WAS ACTUALLY PLAYING ON HER PHONE!!! LOOOOL!!!! “*disappointed* Montage.”
- Awh, Charlie is sweet. “If it’s any consolation, having read your history. There is pretty much nothing the Winchesters can’t do if they work together.”
- Oh, Sammy. At guess at least you hit the paper this time instead of the wall... Speaking of walls, Dean just smacked into the one known as red tape bureaucracy!!! That only took 8 seasons, LOL!
- God, teenagers. They’re so stupid. Go ahead and poke the bloated corpse in the middle of the road with the pointy stick. Urgh, I don’t even want to see this. It’s going to explode all over them, isn’t it? Yep. And delayed reaction.
- HAHAHA!!! Sam beat them to it. Man, Dean is going to be pissed. “Charlie, why don’t you talk to the witnesses?” “But I don’t want to miss the bro-ment.” “Charlie!” LOL! “Dean, you cannot take care of the both of us. I need to be out here. “Play through the pain,” right?” “Oh, come on, man. Don’t quote me to me.”
- “Does this mean we don’t have to break into the coroner’s office?” “That’s a great idea.” Poor Charlie. Now she’ll get to see how these two really are: impossible. HAHAHA!!! Sam and Charlie got there before Dean! And startled him. “What took you so long?” “I stopped for gas. Shut up. The body’s in here.” LOOOOOOOOOL!!!!
- HAHAHA!!! Sam wanting Charlie’s computer monster software and Charlie wanting Dean’s book of lore. “I hate that thing. I want one.” Hmmm... What is up with Charlie? Cause the brothers have noticed that she seemed off “since the second she got here.”
- I KNEW THE CORONER WAS THE DJINN!!! She prolly pegged them as hunters from the start.
- Damn. Talk about a fight with the Djinn. Awh, Charlie’s mom is in a vegetative state after getting hit by a drunk driver on her way to pick up Charlie from a sleepover. :(
- “You’re not going anywhere.” “Withheld scream.” “Do you know what I smell on you?” “Deodorant? A little pee, maybe?” Man, those ropes around Charlie are so slack she should be able to wiggle right out of them. Haha! She owns an abandoned shipping warehouse. Of course she does.
- Awh, I love it when those two are on the same wavelength. African dream root! “I’m going to need to go to sleep fast. Punch me. I know that you don’t want to, but--” *Sam punches Dean hard!* “You’re a little off your game there, cause that was pretty--” *Sam uppercuts Dean, Dean goes DOWN!*
- WOW! This was Charlie’s happy place??? WHAT THE FUCK, CHARLIE?? Oh wait, no. Not this Djinn. This Djinn like the taste of fear, so it would send you to your worse nightmare instead of your happy place. HAHAHA!!! Charlie’s nightmare is a first person shooter against super-soldier vampires! LOOOOOL!!!!!
- Where’s the second Djinn? The coroner said Charlie would make a nice meal for two. Sam is all by himself guarding the two of them, while super sick. There is no way there isn’t a second Djinn. THERE HE IS!!! Hello, teenage Djinn! Sam is going to get his ass whooped. WEll, look at that. Sam managed to kill him after all.
- Awh, Charlie :( :( :(
- AWWWH!!!!!!! “I love you.” “I know.” THE STAR WARS REFERENCE!!!!! LOOOOOOL!!!!!! I love Charlie’s relationship with them.
- AWH THESE BOYS!!!! *Sam sees Dean approaching and scrambles to stand up* “Okay, look. You were right. I-I should have laid low. I-I know. I shouldn’t hung back-- I’m glad I was able--” *Dean cuts him off by hugging his lights out* “What do you say we find our prophet?” *Sam looks utterly bewildered as Dean walks away shedding his jacket*
:( :( :( :( :( Charlie and her mom....
#supernatural#sam winchester#dean winchester#season 8#first time watching#charlie bradbury is the best#she's the little sister sam and dean never had#charlie found the SPN books#now she knows everything that's happened#up until season 5 at least#charlie has all the faith that sam will pull through#so many brotherly hugs this season!#finally the boys are showing their love#sam looks like crap#just let the poor boy rest
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Two-Thirds of Health Care Organizations Lack Information Governance Strategy

Two-thirds of the responding health care professionals say their organizations do not have a comprehensive information governance (IG) strategy, but having one in place is a critical component in advancing patient care, improving population health and reducing costs, according to AHIMA, who cosponsored a survey on IG with Cohasset Associates.
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In a first-of-its-kind, benchmarking survey of comprehensive IG practices in health care, AHIMA found that 95% of the more than 1,000 respondents said improving the quality and safety of patient care is a key driver for implementing IG.
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A new white paper based on the survey provides an understanding of the state of IG in health care and a roadmap for establishing steps organizations should take to govern their information. Complete results and analysis can be found in the Cohasset Associates/AHIMA 2014 Benchmarking White Paper on Information Governance In Healthcare: A Call to Adopt Information Governance Practices.
“Information governance is a strategic imperative for all organizations within the health care ecosystem,” says AHIMA Chief Operating Officer and Executive Vice President Deborah Green, RHIA, MBA. “Improved quality and patient safety, cost control, care delivery redesign, and responding to regulatory changes are top goals for health care organizations, and all are dependent on trustworthy information.”
The results indicate that there are pockets of strong IG efforts in areas such as privacy and security, but not organizationwide.
Additional findings of the survey include the following:
IG programs are less prevalent and less mature in health care organizations than is warranted, given the importance of health information.
The IG framework and its foundational components call for strengthening and expansion within organizations.
Information lifecycle management practices related to core functions require improvement to ensure the trustworthiness of the information.
Privacy policy and practices are the most developed in health care followed closely by information security policy and practices.
Ninety-seven percent of respondents said essential policies for maintaining private and secure protected personal health information are in place in their organizations. However, only 81% report that business associate agreements are in force and routinely audited.
To prepare for information governance, AHIMA recommends programs that are cross-functional with senior level support. An organization’s governance focus should not be on clinical information alone, but on non-clinical, business and operations information as well.
“I encourage my colleagues in the C-suite to make a comprehensive information governance strategy an organizational priority,” says AHIMA CEO Lynne Thomas Gordon, MBA, RHIA, FACHE, CAE, FAHIMA. “It’s easy to think it can be put on hold or maintained in one department while executives deal with other challenges, but this is a mistake. Developing a strategy should be a collaborative effort and is essential to realizing the benefits of governance.”
To achieve the full benefits of IG, AHIMA recommends the following be addressed:
• an accountability framework and decision rights to ensure the effective use of information, enterprisewide;
• defined processes, skills, and tools to manage information throughout its entire lifecycle; and
• standards, rules, and guidelines for functioning in an increasingly electronic environment.
In addition to publishing a white paper on the survey results, AHIMA is convening health care stakeholders to develop a framework for IG in health care, has established an expert advisory group to review and provide input into IG development efforts, and is developing resources and guidelines to aid in operationalizing IG in health care.
The survey of AHIMA and non-AHIMA members targeted clinical and nonclinical executives, officers, directors, and managers in provider and nonprovider organizations in the health care industry. The survey received more than 1,000 responses between March and April 2014 and was conducted with Cohasset Associates and underwriten in part by Iron Mountain.
Source: AHIMA
Cyberattacks, data breach, privacy of customers, citizens and employees’ personal information, together with the opportunities to create value from data and information held by organisations – are major drivers for organisations to implement a strategic approach to the governance of data and information as part of good corporate governance. Information Governance provides an overarching strategic framework for organisations seeking to control and secure information throughout their organisation, which both maximises the value of information and minimises the costs and risks of holding it.
Twelve months ago, the Director-General of the Australian National Archives called for Chief Information Governance Officer positions to be created to lead the digital transformation in Federal government agencies. This article looks at different Information Governance leadership models being used in corporate and government organisations together with the views of Information Governance leaders in those organisations.
Who is responsible for data and information?
Typically, an organisation’s data and information is managed by various ‘owners’ and will vary according to the industry and organisational structure. In general, responsibility for data and information includes:
Data – Chief Data Officer
Data Analytics – Chief Data Scientist
Customer data – Chief Digital Officer or Chief Marketing Officer
eDiscovery – eDiscovery Counsel or General Counsel
Privacy – Chief Privacy Officer
Information Security – Chief Information Security Officer or Chief Information Officer
Records & Information Management – Records and Information Manager
As the above lists highlights, the digital transformation over the past decade has created new roles and titles responding to the exponential growth of data to manage the risks and opportunities arising from data and information held by organisations. A key challenge for the continuing digital transformation and growth in data is for organisations to have internal organisational structures that align with organisational goals and objectives. In the context of responsibility for data and information, organisations require a cohesive governance structure to ensure data and information are effectively controlled and optimised to enable organisational objectives to be met. This is achieved through a formal Information Governance framework and effective Information Governance leadership.
The benefits of an Information Governance framework
A sound Information Governance framework is the critical foundation that enables organisations to govern and properly manage the information they hold. The benefits of a holistic approach include:
senior-executive-level engagement and decision making on important strategic opportunities and risk mitigation issues concerning organisational information;
increasing revenue and profits through the use of data analytics to develop or improve products or services, and/or through developing strategies to improve efficiencies and reduce costs;
improved management of data, with more efficient retrieval of retained data;
defensible destruction of redundant, outdated and trivial data/information (ROT), with an audit trail that can be relied upon in litigation or regulatory investigation;
improved selection and return on investment (ROI) on new technology, appropriate to the organisation’s legal, compliance and business needs;
comprehensive and aligned policies, processes and response plans – including comprehensive ICT security and privacy frameworks and breach response plans; and
reduced costs and increased efficiencies arising from the implementation of an aligned strategy and policies, in contrast to the inefficiencies of the traditional fragmented siloed approach.
Information Governance leadership
Information Governance leadership is about leading and collaborating with professionals from different disciplines across the ‘information silos’ to align activities and technologies to maximise the value of information while minimising the risks and costs of holding it. With the exponential growth in data and the risks and opportunities of data and information held within an organisation, effective Information Governance is a key factor in delivering strong Information Governance, which is part of good Corporate Governance. The diagram below illustrates the typical areas within an organisation where data and information are managed and governed by policies, procedures, technology and people.
Types of Information Governance leadership
The type of Information Governance leadership will vary between organisations, and are likely to depend on its strategic priorities, size, resources, and the current position of information management within it. Information Governance leadership types include: IG Steering Committee, C-level executive who also takes on responsibility of Information Governance in their portfolio of responsibilities; or a Chief Information Governance Officer
IG Steering committee
The IG Steering Committee is a committee made up of the relevant C-level and other executives and managers responsible for different areas of information and data management.
Ideally, the IG Steering Committee should be chaired by a C-level executive so that there is clear senior executive level support and direction. The direction and overarching strategy for Information Governance should be approved by the Board and CEO, who have ultimate responsibility for the governance of data and information. The Committee is responsible for setting priorities, such as deciding on pilot projects, carrying out reviews of implemented projects etc.
The position titles of the members of the Steering Committee may vary between organisations and will depend on factors such as the size and structure of the organisation and the stage of IG development within the organisation.
The composition of the IG Steering Committee may include the following – General Counsel (GC), Chief Information Security Officer (CISO), Chief Privacy Officer (CPO), Chief Data Officer (CDO), Chief Marketing Officer (CMO), Chief Data Scientist (CDS), Records & Information Manager (RIM) and others appropriate to the needs and priorities of the organisation.
The IG Steering Committee should have a suitable Chair to ensure the Committee:
is collaborative to ensure that those members of the committee lead their respective areas to break down information silos with a culture of information and data collaboration;
is well-structured, meets regularly, and has a clear agenda that is implemented and achieved.
National Archives of Australia
The National Archives has an Information Governance Steering Committee (IGC) which has been assigned by the Director-General to the Archives’ peak governance body, the Executive Board. The terms of reference set out that, ‘(t)he Executive Board added formal responsibility for Information Governance oversight to its role in October 2015 to ensure that the Digital Continuity 2020 Policy is implemented within the Archives and targets for agencies are met’. The National Archives has clear terms of reference for its IGC with defined functions, which provide a useful point of reference for organisations in the process of establishing a Steering Committee.
Steering Committee functions
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The role of the Information Governance Steering Committee is to:
monitor effectiveness of the information governance framework, and all information strategy, policy and architecture documents
ensure coordination of the information governance reporting and external information audits and reviews
identify who is responsible within the organisation for information assets identified in audit and review processes
develop an information management workforce plan with support from the People Management and Development section
monitor information infrastructure according to the organisation’s business information needs
coordinate internal information reviews to identify information assets and their value, manage risk and compliance, and improve business processes
ensure that the organisation’s information is managed for its entire life in accordance with risk, including risks associated with security, access, privacy, continuity, and cost
ensure coordination of information standards implementation, for example, business systems functionality, metadata and interoperability capabilities
C-level executive who is also responsible for IG
This is a current C-level executive, such as a CEO, COO, GC, CPO or CISO who also is responsible for Information Governance. The way in which the organisation structures Information Governance leadership will be determined by its:
strategic priorities, size, structure, resources; and
the stage of Information Governance development within the organisation – that is, whether it is nascent, developing or established.
This model requires the C-level executive to have appropriate leadership skills to work across organisational silos together with sufficient cross-functional expertise to enable them to be an effective Information Governance leader. Determining who will be appropriate to be the overall Information Governance leader will vary from organisation to organisation and will depend on the requirements of the organisation, breadth of cross-functional experience and leadership skills that are determined to be key at the time of the appointment. Types of approaches may include:
CISO with experience in responding to cyberattacks and data breaches, and the identification, retrieval and production of electronic documents and data in litigation and regulatory inquiries. This would be a CISO who is experienced in working in cross-functional teams, including the privacy and legal teams, and understands the demands and requirements involved regulatory responses;
CPO with significant data breach responses and information security/cybersecurity experience. This would be a CPO who works closely with the CISO and IT team, and/or a CPO who works closely with Data Analytic team(s) and/or Product Development team(s);
GC who is experienced in eDiscovery, data breach and broadly understands data analytic technologies and the important opportunities they present to the organisation.
A key issue for the organisation in adding Information Governance leadership responsibilities to the existing responsibilities of the C-level executive is whether they are able to adequately lead Information Governance as well as effectively discharge the responsibilities of their current position. This will depend on whether the additional responsibilities will be supported by the necessary resourcing to support their CIGO role and their current position, and whether they are able to delegate, as appropriate, current responsibilities to ensure they can dedicate sufficient time to their Information Governance responsibilities.
Mastercard
Mastercard implemented an Information Governance program beginning in 2013 to assist with the digital transformation of the organisation at that time. Ms JoAnn Stonier leads the Information Governance and Privacy program for Mastercard on a worldwide basis.
Ms Stonier explains that, ‘MasterCard continually works on building information governance into all of its data and product development efforts. As Mastercards’s business uses of data have changed, our information governance and data privacy team has gone from a team of me to a team of over 40 individuals who are imbedded with our business partners in order to improve our data practices every day. Along the way, we’ve evolved from gate keeping function to one that is more integrated with our business teams which allows us to build and improve our data strategy and develop solutions that enable the growth and advancement of our business.’
Ms Stonier sees the role of Chief Information Governance officer as, ‘leading strategy, building infrastructure, working with regulators, building partnerships, and defining best practices’.
Transpower
Transpower is the owner and operator of New Zealand’s national electricity transmission grid. It also operates the country’s wholesale electricity market. As a critical infrastructure provider, Transpower is part of New Zealand’s earthquake disaster response strategy, requiring a strong focus on accurate real-time asset information for business resilience and the continuing safety of their staff and service providers.
Information Governance is led by the Chief Executive who sets the expectations and behaviours for everyone in the business by acknowledging the essential role data and information plays in underpinning every decision in the business. Transpower business relies heavily on robust records management. Ms Carol Feuerriegel, Enterprise Information Manager explains that, ‘long timeframes (5 to 25 years) for forecasting, planning and constructing transmission electricity infrastructure, combined with rapidly emerging alternative power sources, means Transpower needs to leverage reliable historical data and sophisticated predictive capabilities to make strategic investment decisions for the future’.
Ms Feuerriegel says, ‘ensuring good information and data quality is achieved through Transpower’s Information Governance methodology, includes an internally-consistent information hierarchy, driven from the top-down which identifies accountabilities and decision rights and prioritises the key data elements, core documents, and critical systems required to run the business. This integrated framework of enterprise information assets and accountabilities and the IG methodology becomes the touchstone for all information and data – related decisions.’
Reliability, safety, transparency and auditability are the key drivers in Transpower’s enterprise Information Governance strategy. Ms Feuerriegel explains that, ‘developing effective mechanisms for ensuring authoritative information is available in the right format to everyone who needs it when they need it, requires active participation by every level in the business from the Chief Executive to our people in the field. Given the industry we operate in, our people must be able to trust the information they have available in order to operate safely and efficiently.’
University of Western Australia
Mr Andy Lavender formerly of oil and gas major Chevron and now Associate Director, for Information Governance and Reporting at The University of Western Australia believes the institution has demonstrated a sharper focus by advancing information governance through its Office of Strategy, Planning and Performance. He says, ‘this transformation has provided an opportunity to secure sponsorship at the executive management level.
Mr Lavender is convinced, ‘an ambitious and effective executive sponsor makes all the difference when delivering cross-organisation and organisation-wide programme of works, such as those involving information governance initiatives.’
Designated Chief Information Governance Officer (CIGO)
This is the creation of a new C-level role – the Chief Information Governance Officer. The Information Governance Initiative (IGI), a US IG think-tank describes the CIGO’s role as ‘to balance the stakeholder interests from each facet of IG and develop the right operational model for the organization.’(1)
The Director-General of the National Archives of Australia has called for Federal government agencies to establish a CIGO role to bring people, technology and processes together. Mr David Fricker, Director- General has said,
‘Under its Digital Continuity 2020 policy, the National Archives recognises the role of chief information governance officer as ‘best practice’ for agencies committed to professional information management. As well as leading information governance across an agency, the role is critical for digital innovation and capability, and for championing the importance of effective information management.
An enterprise-wide view will break down silos to create new opportunities to deliver better business outcomes.’
The diagram below illustrates the leadership and co-ordination role of the CIGO to ensure that organisational goals and objectives are met by aligning the areas responsible for data and information throughout the organisation.
What is the CIGO role?
The CIGO is responsible for ensuring that information facets and the various departments responsible for data and information are aligned and working efficiently and effectively to minimise costs and risks and optimising value from information held throughout the organisation.
The National Archives divide the CIGO’s responsibilities into 4 areas – strategic, technical, promotion and engagement. The following table sets out CIGO’s responsibilities – this of course will vary from organisation to organisation and will be impacted by strategic priorities, size, structure and resources.
While the role of the CIGO needs to fit the needs of the organisation, the ability of the CIGO to be an effective leader to work with leaders and those responsible for data and information across the organisation will be key to the success of Information Governance. The CIGO will also need to have the confidence of the Board of Directors and the CEO so that resources and priorities will enable an Information Governance program to be effectively implemented that meets:
legal and regulatory requirements;
organisational standards and values including ethical and socially responsible standards and/or values of the organisation;
overall organisational strategic business goals and objectives.
In conclusion
There are different types of Information Governance leadership models – the key is to select the model that is best suited to your organisation’s needs to enable strategic and cost-effective governance of information and data as well achieve overall organisational objectives.
A well-executed Information Governance framework and program, with appropriate leadership should deliver effective security and control of data and information by minimising risks and reducing costs of holding information and maximising the value of information held by the organisation.
Ig-development Driver Test
Effective Information Governance leadership will enable the organisation to deliver continual strategic and proactive governance as digital disruption impacts the organisation and digital transformation continues.
(1) Information Governance Initiative, Annual Report 2014, p28.
Ig-development Driver Salary
Susan Bennett LLM(Hons), MBA
Ig-development Driver Updater
Principal of Sibenco Legal & Advisory and co-founder of Information Governance ANZ

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Free Fonts For Word On Mac
331+ FREE GRAPHIC Templates - Download Now Microsoft Word (DOC), Adobe Photoshop (PSD), Adobe InDesign (INDD & IDML), Apple (MAC) Pages, HTML5, Microsoft Publisher, Adobe Illustrator (AI) Embroider Walt Disney Font. Useful for VIC, SA and TAS users who wish to have the exact dotted-thirds used in the syllabus documents for their State. Instructions apply to any application that supports text boxes. Updated for latest Word version (Mac and Windows). Note: the keystrokes described in this document will work only with fonts from Australian School Fonts.
Current Education Department Handwriting Syllabuses:
Click on the links below to download the most recent official Education Department handwriting syllabus materials for your region. These downloads are free. If you find that any of these links no longer work please let us know.
Victoria (also used in Northern Territory and some schools in Western Australia) 7 MB
Queensland (the QLD Education Department fonts available from this link are very old and may not work with current computer operating systems, especially Windows 10). 31 MB
Tasmania 6 MB

New South Wales 2711 kB
(also used in Australian Capital Territory and some schools in Western Australia and Victoria)
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Graphity! Resources & Information:
Coloured Dotted-Thirds GT_v2.0 1293 kB
Easy instructions for achieving custom and /or coloured dotted-thirds behind your letters in Microsoft Word (Mac and Windows). Useful for VIC, SA and TAS users who wish to have the exact dotted-thirds used in the syllabus documents for their State. Instructions apply to any application that supports text boxes. Updated for latest Word version (Mac and Windows). Note: the keystrokes described in this document will work only with fonts from Australian School Fonts.
Dotted-Thirds and Slope Lines GT_v2.0 130 kB
A guide to the keystrokes for the standard Dotted-Thirds as recommended by each State's handwriting syllabus as well as commonly found alternate Dotted-Thirds. This document also gives the keystrokes for the Slope Lines character in each of our fonts. Note: the keystrokes described in this document will work only with fonts from Australian School Fonts.
GT Australian & NZ School Handwriting Styles_v1.1 481 kB
Shows the six current handwriting styles taught in Australia and New Zealand schools and available from Australian School Fonts.
GT Australian School Fonts Info_v2.1 763 kB
Information about Australian School Fonts™, including samples of all the styles available for each of the six regional areas.
GT Custom Keyboard Layout Installation_v1.1 106 kB
Instructions for installing the Australian Aboriginal GT and Phonetic Latin GT custom keyboard layout software (Mac & Windows) for use with our Tight Text GT fonts and our Beginner Regular & Thick fonts.
GT Font Installation & Replacement_v1.5 182 kB
How to install your fonts on Windows, MacOS, iOS, Android and Linux. Includes the essential steps to follow when upgrading to a new version of the same font which has the same name as the old version.
GT Lettershape Comparison_v4.0 186 kB
Document that allows easy cross-comparison of the basic lettershapes from each of the six regional areas.
GT Standard Licence Agreement_v4.0 90 kB
Standard Licence Agreement (EULA) applying to all items purchased from this website.
Installing Fonts in iOS using AnyFont app 299 kB
Instructions for using the third-party app AnyFont (available from the Apple Store) to install fonts on your Apple iPhone, iPad or iPod. (Thanks to Maria McKenzie)
Licence Price List_Dec 2016 309 kB
The current price list for all of our Licences except for our Publishing and Web Licences which are quoted on application. Includes our current Site Licence fees and conditions. This document replaces and supercedes all earlier price lists.
The above Graphity! resources are free but they are still strictly protected by copyright (© Graphity! 2001-2019). These files may not be redistributed by any means (eg download from a website) which imposes any financial barrier or actual cost on the recipient. If these files are made available free on or via another website then the original source www.australianschoolfonts.com.au must be explicitly acknowledged.
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Other Resources:
The Writeboards website at www.writeboards.com.au uses our Australian School Fonts handwriting fonts exclusively to create their vast range of Worksheets and Templates – over 2100 different items are available for each State. Site Licences providing access to these resources are available for schools and professionals to purchase here. Click below to see and download samples of the Writeboards resources in each of the five Australian styles:
NSW/ACT 2283 kB
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How Do You Add Fonts To Microsoft Word On A Mac
The Australian National Curriculum/The Future of Handwriting
Australia's National Curriculum regarding a handwriting style 317 kB
Article from the Teach This (Staffroom) website Sept 2011 regarding the possibility of an Australian national handwriting style soon.
Australia's National Curriculum 481 kB
Another article from the Teach This (Staffroom) website Aug 2011 regarding the possibility of an Australian national handwriting style.
Teachers lament faltering pens 737 kB
Article from Sydney Morning Herald site 6th March 2012 regarding declining standards of student’s handwriting in Australian schools. Go to the original article here.
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Australian Curriculum Assessment and Reporting Authority (ACARA) The official website of Australia’s independent authority responsible for the development of a national curriculum, a national assessment program and a national data collection and reporting program that supports 21st century learning for Australian students. This is the body that will utimately make a decision about a uniform national handwriting style if there is to be one.
The Future of Handwriting (thenextweb.com) 'From the ancient scripts of Sumerian 3,000 years BC, through the dawn of the Greek alphabet and onto the ballpoint-toting, crossword-puzzling of the 20th century, handwriting has played a massive part in the development of the human race. Long before Gutenberg arrived on the scene in the fifteenth century with his fancy printing press, people were penning everything from prayers and poems to mantras and memoirs. And everything in between. Even after the proliferation of print, the humble pen continued to flourish. History owes a lot to the literates who, entirely off their own steam, chose to document the times they lived in. Without people such as Samuel Pepys, there would be huge caverns in our knowledge of major events that happened in relatively recent history. But over the past couple of decades, there has been a tangible shift away from ink and lead-based inscription, into digital representations of this thing we call language.'
ACARA – Framework for Aboriginal Languages and Torres Strait Islander Languages (December 2015) The draft Framework is deliberately designed to cater for the 250 or more Aboriginal languages and Torres Strait Islander languages of Australia, irrespective of the ecology of each language, whether it is currently used for everyday communication, or being revitalised, or one of the many creo le languages that have arisen through language contact in Australia. The draft Framework provides both important guidance and necessary flexibility for the develop ment of language-specific programs for any Aboriginal language or Torres Strait Islander language.
Does Handwriting Have a Future? (ABC Radio National - Future Tense) Handwriting, according to some, is an anachronism. Finland has now dropped it from its national curriculum. And so many American states have also removed it as an educational requirement that it now only makes news when state officials opt to keep it. According to the detractors, writing by hand no longer has a place in an age where people type and thumb their way using smart phones and computers. But others, including many psychologists, believe cursive writing still has an important role to play in cognitive development, particularly when it comes to memory. In this episode, we hear the case for and against the retention of handwriting. And we also speak with Clive Thompson, a contributing writer for the New York Times Magazine, who’s look beyond text and type to the next stage of communication. He calls it ‘voice writing’. (Originally broadcast on 6 September 2015)
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The bizarre story of the inventor of ransomware The disc was one of 20,000 sent in the mail to attendees of the World Health Organization’s AIDS conference in Stockholm, and Willems’ boss had asked him to check what was on it. Willems was expecting to see medical research when the disc’s contents loaded. Instead he became a victim of the first act of ransomware — more than 30 years before the ransomware attack on the US Colonial Pipeline ignited a gas shortage in parts of the US last week. A few days after inserting the disc, Willems’ computer locked and a message appeared demanding that he send $189 in an envelope to a PO Box in Panama. “I didn’t pay the ransom or lose any data because I figured out how to reverse the situation,” he told CNN Business. He was one of the lucky ones: Some people lost their life’s work. “I started to get calls from medical institutions and organizations asking how I got around it,” said Willems, who is now a cybersecurity expert at G Data, which developed the world’s first commercial antivirus solution in 1987. “The incident created a lot of damage back in those days. People lost a lot of work. It was not a marginal thing — it was a big thing, even then.” The scheme made headlines and appeared in Virus Bulletin, a security magazine for professionals, a month later: “While the conception is ingenious and extremely devious, the actual programming is quite untidy,” the analysis said. Although it was a pretty basic malware, it was the first time many people had ever heard of the concept — or of digital extortion. It’s unclear if any people or organizations paid the ransom. The floppy discs were sent to addresses all over the world obtained from a mailing list. Law enforcement traced the effort to a PO box owned by a Harvard-taught evolutionary biologist named Joseph Popp, who was conducting AIDS research at the time. He was arrested and charged with multiple counts of blackmail, and is widely credited with being the inventor of ransomware, according to security news website CSOnline.com. “Even to this day, no one really knows why he did this,” said Willems, noting how costly and time intensive it would have been to mail that number of floppy discs to so many people. “He was very influenced by something. Perhaps someone else was involved — as a biologist, how did he have money to pay for all of those discs? Was he angry about the research? Nobody knows.” Some reports indicate Popp had been rejected by WHO for a job opportunity. After his arrest at Amsterdam’s Schiphol Airport, Popp was sent back to the United States and imprisoned. He allegedly told authorities he had planned to donate the ransom money to AIDS research. His attorneys also argued he was not fit to stand trial; he reportedly wore condoms on his nose and curlers in his beard to prove he was unwell, according to journalist Alina Simone. (A judge ruled in his favor.) Popp died in 2007. The case became a big discussion point, and the legacy of his crime persists to this day. The US Justice Department recently said 2020 was “the worst year to date for ransomware attacks.” Security experts believe ransomware attacks against both corporations and individuals will continue to grow because they’re easy to execute, hard to trace and victims can be exploited out of a lot of money. Ransomware typically wreaks havoc on computer systems either after someone clicks on a malicious link and unknowingly installs software or from a vulnerability on an outdated server. One of the biggest problems about ransomware nowadays is that ransoms are often paid with cryptocurrency, such as bitcoin, which is exchanged anonymously and not traceable. While most large-scale ransomware activity stems from organized crime groups — as is the case with the US pipeline — Popp seemed to have acted alone. “More than an actual criminal mastermind, he was what you would classify as a ‘lone actor’ as opposed to an organized crime syndicate or state sponsored actor,” said Michela Menting, a research director at market research firm ABI Research. “His motivations appeared to be quite personal. … He obviously had strong feelings about AIDS and AIDS research.” While the reasons for his act are unknown, Popp made a big effort to clear his name and moved on to other pursuits, Menting said. He self-published a self-help book called “Popular Evolution,” for instance, in which he advocated that the marriage age be lowered and young women focus their lives on birthing children. Before his death, Popp created The Joseph L. Popp, Jr. Butterfly Conservatory in upstate New York. The conservatory did not respond to a request for comment. The floppy disc, now a piece of security history and likely one of the few left in the world, hangs on Willems’ living room wall. “A museum offered me $1,000 for it, but I’ve decided to keep it,” he said. Source link Orbem News #bizarre #inventor #Ransomware #Story
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Biased Distributions and Decay of Long Interspersed Nuclear Elements in the Chicken Genome
(1)DOI: 10.1534/genetics.106.061861 Biased Distributions and Decay of Long Interspersed Nuclear Elements in the Chicken Genome Gyo¨rgy Abrusa´n,*,†,1 Hans-Ju¨rgen Krambeck,* Thomas Junier,‡Joti Giordano†and Peter E. Warburton† *Department of Ecophysiology, Max Planck Institute of Limnology, 24306 Plo¨n, Germany,‡Computational Evolutionary Genetics Group 1211, University of Geneva, Geneva 4, Switzerland and†Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029 Manuscript received June 12, 2006 Accepted for publication October 15, 2007 ABSTRACT The genomes of birds are much smaller than mammalian genomes, and transposable elements (TEs) make up only 10% of the chicken genome, compared with the 45% of the human genome. To study the mechanisms that constrain the copy numbers of TEs, and as a consequence the genome size of birds, we analyzed the distributions of LINEs (CR1’s) and SINEs (MIRs) on the chicken autosomes and Z chromosome. We show that (1) CR1 repeats are longest on the Z chromosome and their length is negatively correlated with the local GC content; (2) the decay of CR1 elements is highly biased, and the 59-ends of the insertions are lost much faster than their 39-59-ends; (3) the GC distribution of CR1 repeats shows a bimodal pattern with repeats enriched in both AT-rich and GC-rich regions of the genome, but the CR1 families show large differences in their GC distribution; and (4) the few MIRs in the chicken are most abundant in regions with intermediate GC content. Our results indicate that the primary mechanism that removes repeats from the chicken genome is ectopic exchange and that the low abundance of repeats in avian genomes is likely to be the consequence of their high recombination rates. LONG interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs), and their parasites short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), are the most successful transposable elements (TEs) in warm-blooded vertebrates. The abundance of LINEs and SINEs seems to be high in most mammals, including monotremes (platypus) and marsupials (Margulies et al. 2005); the 550,000 insertions of the L1 and the 1,100,000 Alu elements make up almost 30% of the human genome (Landeret al. 2001). SINEs use the enzymatic machinery of LINEs for replication and insertion (Smitet al.1995; Jurka1997; Dewannieux et al. 2003; Dewannieux and Heidmann 2005), and therefore the two classes of TEs might be expected to have similar distributions in the genome. However, their distributions are very different; in primates and rodents, SINEs insert into AT-rich regions of the genome and accumulate in gene-rich regions with high GC content, while LINEs reside in AT-rich regions (Soriano et al. 1983; Landeret al. 2001; Pavliceket al.2001; Yanget al. 2004; Hackenberget al.2005) and show only modest GC enrichment over time. This pattern has received considerable attention in recent years, but there is still no consensus on the mechanism causing it. It has been proposed that the accumulation of Alu’s in gene-rich regions may reflect a so far unidentified genomic function and therefore that Alu’s are beneficial for the host (Landeret al. 2001). However, the accumulation of Alu’s in gene-rich regions is still slower than the time necessary for the fixation of neutral alleles (Brookfield 2001), which seems to question this possibility. An alter-native hypothesis is that deletions (most likely by ectopic exchange between repeats) drive the accumulation of repeats in gene-rich regions (Lobachev et al. 2000; Brookfield 2001; Lander et al. 2001; Stenger et al. 2001; Batzerand Deininger2002; Hackenberget al. 2005; Abrusanand Krambeck2006). According to this theory, deletions are more deleterious in gene- and GC-rich regions of the genome than in the gene-poor, AT-rich regions, because they may result in loss of selectively important sequences. In consequence, repeats are lost at a higher rate from AT-rich regions, which shift the distribution of repeats toward GC-rich regions over time. A third hypothesis��that repeats are removed more effi-ciently from AT-rich regions due to short deletions—was rejected recently by Belleet al.(2005). The chicken genome, the only avian genome se-quenced so far, is approximately one-third the size of the human genome (InternationalChickenGenome Sequencing Consortium 2004), and repetitive ele-ments make up only 10% of it, compared with the 40–50% in most mammals (International Chicken GenomeSequencingConsortium2004; Hughesand Piontkivska2005; Wickeret al.2005). The majority of 1Corresponding author:Laboratory of Aquatic Ecolog

https://1library.net/document/qodjpjkz-biased-distributions-decay-interspersed-nuclear-elements-chicken-genome.html
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Engineering Admission in MSRIT Management Quota
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GDV: An Imaging and Modeling Tool for Medical Biometrics
Gas Discharge Visualization: An Imaging and Modeling Tool for Medical Biometrics
Nataliya Kostyuk,1 Phyadragren Cole,2 Natarajan Meghanathan,3 Raphael D. Isokpehi,1, 4 and Hari H. P. Cohly1, 4 1 Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA 2 Department of Communicative Disorders, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA 3 Department of Computer Science, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA 4 Department of Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Hari H. P. Cohly, [email protected] Received 23 June 2010; Revised 23 January 2011; Accepted 13 February 2011 Academic Editor: Yue Wang Copyright © 2011 Nataliya Kostyuk et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The need for automated identification of a disease makes the issue of medical biometrics very current in our society. Not all biometric tools available provide real-time feedback. We introduce gas discharge visualization (GDV) technique as one of the biometric tools that have the potential to identify deviations from the normal functional state at early stages and in real time. GDV is a nonintrusive technique to capture the physiological and psychoemotional status of a person and the functional status of different organs and organ systems through the electrophotonic emissions of fingertips placed on the surface of an impulse analyzer. This paper first introduces biometrics and its different types and then specifically focuses on medical biometrics and the potential applications of GDV in medical biometrics. We also present our previous experience with GDV in the research regarding autism and the potential use of GDV in combination with computer science for the potential development of biological pattern/biomarker for different kinds of health abnormalities including cancer and mental diseases. 1. Introduction Biometrics is the field of science which brings together biol- ogy, physiology, psychology, computer science, mathematics, statistics, and engineering. The global interest in biometrics is motivated by its accuracy, reliability, and instantaneous real-time readout. Nowadays, biometrics is penetrating into many areas of social life. For example, in education, at the K- 12 level, students are being introduced to the basic notions of biometric science to wake up the interest in the next genera- tion of researchers and scientists to this fast developing field. According to the classic definition, biometrics is an automated process of recognizing the individual features based on one or more specific anatomy, physiology, and psy- chological characteristics with the purpose of recognition, identification, and verification. Recognition is the knowledge of a previously enrolled pattern; identification is the process of determining the identity of an individual according to the pattern, whereas verification is a process by which the system confirms the existing pattern. The biometric models existing nowadays are based on fingerprint, face, iris, voice, signature, hand geometry, palm, and vascular pattern recognition. There exist other biometric models that are based on speaker recognition, dynamic signature measures, key stroke dynamics, retina recognition, gait/body recognition, and facial thermography. The main areas of biometric applications can be classified into the following four groups: (1) security biometrics to reduce frauds and control the access to restricted areas, (2) forensic biometrics, which refers to the use of biometrics for criminal and body identification, (3) convenience biometrics, which is related to main- taining the convenience level during the use of a computer or network, (4) medical biometrics, which is related to the use of biometrics in medical applications such as medical diagnosis and is based on the extraction of biomed- ical pattern and its association to possible diseases. Medical biometrics is emerging as a very promising and reliable method for automated medical diagno- sis. Medical biometric systems have been developed to use personal features in different formats such as images, signals, and other sources in order to solve problems and provide high-performance service in the medical field. Medical biometrics based on the gas discharge visu- alization (GDV) technique has been used in medicine to monitor the patients and compare their natural electro- photonic emission before and after surgeries, cancer treat- ments, energy healing, physiotherapy, SOQI therapy, and so on. Previous findings using GDV have demonstrated the potential capability of the GDV technique to identify the deviation from the normal functional status during the early stages of disease development as well as to monitor a transition from a disease state to normal functional state. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, we describe different types of biometrics and the areas of application, and introduce medical biometrics in Section 3. In Section 4, we discuss the possible applications of GDV in medical biometrics and our pilot studies on the applications of GDV in medical biometrics, Section5 concludes the paper. 2. Types of Biometrics and Areas of Applications The biometric signatures for the identification purposes are based on physiological and/or behavioral trait and help in the verification process. It is important to understand that all biometrics are based on probability measures. Biometrics is a mathematical model of a physical characteristic and as in all mathematical models, there is always a probability of an error. However, biometrics is the most reliable way of verification and authentication. Physiological traits used in biometrics include iris, fingerprint (including nail), hand (including knuckle, palm, and vascular), face, voice, retina, DNA, lips, earlobe, sweat pore, and even odor. Behavioral traits are based on signature, keystroke, voice, and gait . Over 140 years of fingerprint comparison worldwide, no fingerprints were found to be alike not even those of identical twins. Fingerprints do not change throughout the life span, and therefore, fingerprint identification involves comparing the pattern of ridges and furrows on the fingertip as well as the minutiae points, which are ridge characteristics that hap- pen when a ridge splits into two, or ends of a specimen print with a database of prints on file. Hand geometry authenti- cation is often used in industrial environment. It does not require clean conditions, forms a very small dataset, and is not regarded as an intrusive kind of a test . Interestingly, the authentication of the identity seems to be not descriptive enough using hand geometry. One can attain robust verifica- tion only by combining various individual features. Iris and retina scans provide unique biometric data as it is impossible to duplicate or replicate them . The pattern of blood vessels at the back of the eye and iris remains the same through lifetime. Despite being highly reliable, the disadvantage of retina scan is that the accuracy of measurement can be affected by disease such as cataracts or severe astigmatism and the equipment is not very user friendly as the subject has to be close to the camera optics leaving alone the cost of the equipment which is very high. Face recognition is one of the most flexible identification methods as individuals are unaware that they are being scanned. Face recognition system relies on the features common to everyone’s face: the distance between the eyes, width of the nose, position of cheekbones, jaw line, chin, and so on. These numerical quantities are then combined in a single code that uniquely identifies each person . Some facial recognition algorithms identify faces by extracting landmarks or features from an image of a subject’s face. It may analyze the relative position, size, or shape of the eyes, nose, cheekbones, and jaw and use these features further to search for other images with matching features. Other algorithms normalize a set of face images and then compress the face data in the image that is useful for face detection. A probe image is then compared with a database of face images. Three-dimensional face recognition is a relatively new trend in biometrics, and it claims to achieve an unbelievable accuracy in face recognition . This technique uses 3-D sensors to capture the information about the shape of a face. The advantage of 3-D facial recognition is that it cannot be affected by changes in lighting like other techniques. It can also identify the face from a range of viewing angles, including a profile view. However, this technique could be sensitive to face expressions. As compared to other biometric methods such as iris or fingerprint scans, the voice recognition allows vocal information of new pin numbers or acknowledgement of license agreements to be delivered as a part of voice bio- metric application . DNA identification is used to prove innocence or guilt, paternity testing, and the identification of missing or dead people. The coding genes constitute only 5% of the human genome; however, the repeat of identical DNA sequence can be found anywhere in noncoding sequences from one to 30 times in a row and are called variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) . The number of repeats is specific and varies from one person to another. For any given VNTR place in an individual’s DNA, there will be a certain number of repeats. DNA profiling includes the isolation of the DNA from the sample, cutting the DNA up into frag- ments with VNTR areas, sorting them by size, and compar- ing the DNA fragments in different samples. The weaknesses of DNA biometrics are intrusiveness (a physical sample must be taken) and matching not occuring in real time. A signature is another example of biometric data which is easy to gather and is not physically intrusive. Although an individual can purposely change his signature to some extent, it is still considered as basic means of identification . Keystroke-biometric method is considered to be unique behavioral biometrics. It is based on dynamics of typing and depends on how an individual types his password or name . Gait biometrics identifies the person by the way he/she walks, runs, or does any other motion by feet . Gait biometrics would be extremely useful to identify shoplifters who pretend to look like pregnant women. The experts say that the natural way a pregnant woman walks is different from simulation, and therefore, this biometric method would significantly decrease thefts if installed in retail stores. The above-described types of biometrics have vast areas of application related to security, forensic, and convenience purposes. 3. Medical Biometrics The first International Conference on Medical Biometrics held at Hong Kong, in 2008, postulated that medical biometrics is a fast developing, very promising, and reliable method for automated medical diagnosis . It com- bines multidisciplinary technologies in biology, medicine, electronics, computing, and statistics and is different from biometrics which is a statistical approach in clinical practice. Medical biometric systems have been developed to use personal features in different formats such as images, signals, and other sources in order to address health issues and provide high-performance service in the medical field. These features are applied by combining statistical, mathematical, and engineering methods. Medical biometrics investigates the biological or behav- ioral patterns displayed by living organisms and its sig- nificant correspondence to the organism’s behavior and/or health. Though medical biometrics is a relatively recent field of science, many studies have been done trying to identify unique biologic patterns pertaining to the disease profile. Usually, it involves the comparison of the sample/individual to a healthy biological pattern established as a standard, and the deviation from the standard serves as the indicator of irregularity or problem. For example, in embryology, the virtual reality biometric technique can be used to diagnose the growth and/or developmental delay of a fetus at early stages. First, the researchers measure the parameters of the embryo still present in the womb and then develop an algorithm for healthy, normal embryo by measuring width of embryo’s shoulder, elbow, hip, and knee. Therefore, a virtual embryoscopy could be a biometric tool to identify the biological pattern of embryo’s deviations from normal development . In another study, researchers aimed to find gender differences in the amount of gingival display during smiling using two intraoral dental biometric mea- surements. Researchers compared the width and length of the maxillary right central incisor and the horizontal vertical overlap of the anterior teeth to determine the relationship of these two intraoral dental biometric measurements with the amount of gingival display during smiling. The study included 61 men and 66 women ranging between the ages of 23 and 52. The participants were judged on the basis of the visibility of the gingival tissues during smiling. The results of this study showed that a relatively small percentage of the subjects displayed gingival tissue when smiling. More women displayed gums than men in a 2 : 1 ratio. Subjects with gin- gival display had significantly more horizontal and vertical overlap of anterior teeth compared to those who did not display gingivae when smiling . The described study does use the dental biometrics measures, but not in the context of disease identification or dental problems of a patient. The literature review of genetic prognostic signatures found serious problems in the design and analysis of many studies. It has been pinpointed that research should be focused on the development of well-validated clinically use- ful genetic prognostic signatures that would improve ther- apeutic decision making beyond current practice standards. Also, the evaluation of prognostic signatures studies requires more attention . Medical biometrics as a method for an automatic identification and analysis of a disease is a promising and developing field. However, sometimes the examples of medical biometrics in the medical literature refer to the problems of patient identification in the hospitals or patient identity theft or using biometric data for the identification of gender which is not relevant in the process of disease identification. The field of medical biometrics is being advanced by the research on the topics of oral cancer screening using laser-induced fluorescence, multi resolution- optical flow to correct respiratory motion in 3D PET/CT images, ultrasound imaging for bone quality assessment, texture feature extraction and classification for iris diagnosis, hepatitis diagnosis using facial color image, interactive 4D- computed tomography, recognition pattern for lung cancer, recognition, measurement, and classification of intracranial hematomas, computerized traditional Chinese medicine, and so on . The most recent study conducted in Singapore has shown that the computerized diagnosis of energy resources of human body based on the Chinese meridian method is helpful in monitoring improvement after treatment with far-infrared irradiation, electric ionization and enzyme supplement. The system calculates the energy resource of a patient based on the electrical activity of acupuncture points and then matches the collected energy pattern to the already established norm standard, thus, showing if the energy field of a patient improved or not after treatment. Another recently developed biometric device is based on gas discharge visualization (GDV). This technique is discussed in the next section. 4. Gas Discharge Visualization (GDV) and Its Applications in Medical Biometrics Gas discharge visualization (GDV) is based on electrical activity of human organism . In disease condition, the electrical activity of human body is changed as compared to electrical activity in healthy state. The electron communi- cation is altered, and therefore, the natural electrophotonic emission of the organism is changed. The GDV technique is a method that combines eastern medicine with western approach. Capturing the natural electrophotonic emission of human body, referred to as GDV-grams, allows one to identify the functional state of an individual in real time. The biometric method based on GDV is extracting the stimulated electrons and photons from the surface of the skin under the influence of pulsed electromagnetic field. This process is quite well studied with physical electronic International Journal of Biomedical Imaging methods and is known as “photoelectron emission.” The particles emitted and accelerated in the electromagnetic field emerge as electronic avalanches on the surface of the glass electrode causing the so-called “sliding gas discharge.” The discharge causes glow due to the excitement of molecules in the surrounding hydrogen, and this glow is what is being measured by the biometric method based on GDV. Therefore, short voltage pulses stimulate the electrophotonic emission concomitantly intensifying this emission in the gas discharge due to the electric field created. The data obtained in the process of measuring of extremely weak “biophoton field” is the scientific infor- mation which may reveal the role of some electro-photon processes underlying the functional state of the body. In the biometric GDV method, the stimulation of electrons and photons is intensified thousand times and thus enables measurements under normal circumstances, with normal lighting, without special preparation of the objects. The design of the biometric GDV device is completely safe as the electric current that flows through is a pulse current in microamps which is not causing any depolarization of tissue or other physiological changes. Other methods using voltage pulses which last more than a few milliseconds avoid the depolarization by applying different pastes or gels. The process of extraction of electrons and photons in GDV method consists of two phases of capturing the images: without filter and with filter. In the initial stage, the electrons located in the outer layers of the cutaneous covering and the surrounding tissue are extracted. In the second phase, electrons from the deepest tissues in the body are included in the current flow. These electrons may have several sources. Some of these belong to the molecular albuminous systems, and in accordance with the laws of quantum mechanics, these electrons are dispersed among all the molecules. It is as if they are “collectivized” among groups of molecules, so in principle it is impossible to say where an electron is at a given time. They form the so-called “electron cloud”, occupying a specific area in space. Several studies tried to determine what exactly forms the fluorescent glow (also called GDV-grams) around fingertips. Krizhanovsky et al. determined that the human central nervous system plays a crucial role in the formation of skin glow in a high-intensity electromagnetic field. The ATP (adenosine Tri-phosphate) molecule acts as a neurotransmit- ter in the autonomous neuromuscular junctions, the ganglia, and the central nervous system. Therefore, in case of normal operation of the organism, the ATP diffusion exchange (and the electron stream) must be regular, thus ensuring the regularity and uniformity of the fluorescence (glow) that occurs during the interaction of the skin (i.e., of a finger) with the high-intensity electromagnetic field. Another study conducted by Williams claims that specific structural- protein complexes within the mass of the skin provide channels of heightened electron conductivity, measurable at acupuncture points on the skin surface. Stimulated impulse emissions from the skin are also developed mainly by the transport of delocalized electrons. In cases of imbalances and dysfunctions, immunod- eficiency, or an abnormality of the microcapillary blood circulation, the transfer of electrons to the tissue is altered and inhibited, and therefore, the electron flow is not full and the stimulated current is either very small or is very irregular in time. Therefore, the gaps in electrophotonic emission are the indicators of the impeded transfer of electron density to the body’s tissues and an abnormality in the energy supply of organs and systems. The central nervous system (CNS) and the autonomous nervous system (ANS) regulate the activity of all the organs and systems. The loss of synchronicity and fail in autonomous regulation caused the abnormality in working coherence of organs and systems and is manifested by such symptoms as a bad state of health, disturbed sleep and digestion, abnormal perspiration, and so on. Later on, these abnormalities lead to the dysfunctions of organs; however, the degree of abnormality largely depends on the type of genetic predisposition. The ANS reacts to the commands coming from CNS and the surrounding environment and sends control signals to the organs and systems. These signals are processed at both the physiological and the endocrine and immune systems. Information is transferred to the controlling organs thus forming a Biological Reverse System and concomitantly a closed circuit. Therefore, if any of these abnormalities are taking place in one of these links, the circuit fails and desynchronization is taking place at all the most vital levels, and ANS is the first instance to reflect all the potential problems that apparently appear first in the human body. All of the external and internal stimuli are processed by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system and are reflected on the parameters of the cutaneous covering. The electrical resistance of the skin changes, both as a whole and at electropuncture points, the capillaries narrow and widen, and there is an emission of organic molecules through the pores; the nature of the transfer of electrons to the connective tissues also changes. All of these processes influence the emission of electrons from the skin and the development of electron avalanches, which is reflected in the parameters of the electrophotonic capture in the biometric method based on GDV.

Gas Discharge Visualization: An Imaging and Modeling Tool for Medical Biometrics The objective of GDV is to identify the functional psychoemotional and physiological state of a person using fingertips . The analysis of natural electrophotonic emission is based on intensity, fractality, and area of the captured images. In GDV, the relation of the captured image to organs/organ systems is determined by the acupunc- ture approach, and therefore, the image is automatically divided into sectors having start angle and end angle as reference points which have been defined after Korotkov . Also, GDV provides the integral parameters of entropy and autonomic tone, which are important components in the analysis of human functional state . Entropy is a measure of chaos/disorder, and an increase in entropy has been postulated on the First International Congress of Systemic Medicine as a manifestation of sickness, negative impact of chemical, biological, physical, or emotional stress, and chronic degenerative disease . The Congress also mentioned that the treatment of sickness should consider the International Journal of Biomedical Imaging
Gas Discharge Visualization: An Imaging and Modeling Tool for Medical Biometrics
Nataliya Kostyuk,1 Phyadragren Cole,2 Natarajan Meghanathan,3 Raphael D. Isokpehi,1, 4 and Hari H. P. Cohly1, 4 Read the full article
#Bioelectrography#BioelectrographyExperiments#ElectroPhotonicImaging#Electrophotonics#GasDischargeVisualisation#GasDischargeVisualization(GDV)#InternationalJournalofBiomedicalImaging#IUMAB#Kirlian#Kirlianeffect#Korotkov#MedicalBiometrics
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WHY RESCUING SOLDIERS OF MISFORTUNE enables...
elected officials, law enforcement, the legal system, and veterans’ advocates to develop relevant programs that do far more than simply warehouse some troublesome individuals.
Eventually, more than 90 percent of individuals, including incarcerated veterans, leave prison. However, if they do not have programs that are capable of meeting their needs while they are incarcerated, these returning convicts risk being recidivists and can cost their jurisdictions far more than what effective programming would have cost. Thus, this book provides ideas that public administrators and other leaders can use to strength- en the fabric of our society—often at a surprisingly low cost.
The approach in this book spans the post-World War I period to the pre- sent to show programs that promote successful readjustment from military service and treatment of combat and operational stress injuries during confine- ment. To strike a proper balance, the author also considers responses to the leading objections about veteran-specific interventions. At its core, this publication seeks to eliminate the guesswork from the formulation of responses to a special population. The aim is to identify responses that are verifiable and can be replicated by others.
One of the major challenges facing correctional institutions has been identification of inmates who are veterans. Because many veterans conceal their identities for fear of losing benefits or shame at the fact of arrest, the inability to quantify this group with any degree of certainty has traditionally limited options for addressing the problem of incarcerated veterans. Requests for military records could take months to obtain, if they were even available. Correctional administrators had to contend with the possibility that “fakers” would attempt to gain benefits if they offered programs without the capability of verifying veteran status.
In 1990, during congressional hearings on the readjustment and mental health needs of incarcerated veterans, J. Michael Quinlan, Director of the Federal Bureau of Prisons, emphasized the need for a system to conduct computer matching of inmates with databases at the Department of Veterans Affairs The hearings underscored the fact that it was difficult to identify veterans and their needs for veteran-specific services be- cause of the lack of methods to confirm the veteran status of inmates.
After decades of concern and confusion, as a part of the Department of Veterans Affairs (Veterans Administration) intensified outreach efforts, on April 25, 2012, personnel at the Homeless Program Office developed a com- puterized system to quickly scan their own systems for confirmation of vet- eran status. The program, called the Veterans Reentry Search Service requires only a Social Security number to access basic information about vet- erans’ military records. To protect the information, prison administrators ob- tain basic confirmation of veteran status while Veterans Administration per- sonnel simultaneously receive a more detailed output including the charac- ter of the veteran’s discharge and other facts about the nature of an inmate’s military service and experiences.
The Veterans Administration fielded the VRSS in the state correctional systems of California, Iowa, and Maryland to determine how accurately the system could account for veterans within the institutions. Surprisingly, while California prisons had estimated their veteran population at 2.7 percent based on inmate self-identification, the results of the VRSS computer matching revealed more than double the amount—roughly 7.9 percent (J. McGuire, personal communication, December 30, 2013). In California’s example, the computerized search identified more than 5,000 previously not accounted for veteran inmates.
In the Middlesex County House of Correction, use of VRSS revealed more than 50 incarcerated veterans when most thought only a handful existed. Identification of this substantial population led the sheriff to develop a support group, then a separate Housing Unit for Military Veterans (HUMV) dorm to respond to these inmates’ service-relat- ed needs. The VRSS program is now available in several correctional systems, and VA specialists have encouraged correc- tional professionals to use the system to provide services that will assist vet- erans in their readjustment to society.
While the VRSS program offers a relatively new capability for jails and prisons to identify veteran inmates, it poses a more daunting question—what do to with them once identified! Based on research on the topics of military service, combat, and criminal behavior, inevitably some portion of veterans in the offender population—perhaps quite small but still very significant— have dire needs to complete the process of readjusting to society after dis- charge from the military. Others—in another distinct subpopulation—have legitimate needs for treatment to address lingering operational stress injuries such as Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and mild Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI).
For these combat-traumatized veterans, especially, there is a lingering question of how suitable correctional facilities are to address their specific needs. While the VRSS program offers new ability to confirm inmates’ vet eran status, it does not provide any means for the Veterans Administration to overcome 38 C.F.R. § 17.38, a regulatory ban against offering any in- or outpatient medical treatment services to an inmate (Schaffer, 2016). Undoubtedly, with the use of the VRSS program, there will be new pressure on correctional professionals to address the population of “forgotten warriors” who occupy their cells and dorms, but there is little Veterans Administration corresponding assistance in addressing these inmates’ needs during the period of incarceration, aside from transitional planning for the period of reentry.
Excerpt from Preface by Evan Seamone

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Authentic UFO Footage Caught On Camera By A University Professor & His Research Students
UFOs have gone from being a 'taboo' topic of discussion to a scientifically proven phenomenon. They're real, and practically everybody knows it. This is evident from all of the declassified documents, witness testimonies, and electrooptical data that's available as well as all of the mainstream 'UFO' disclosure that's occurred over the past few years. We're talking about testimonies from astronauts, generals, colonels, pilots and long-time Department of Defence and space agency scientists, like Norman Bergrun, Bob Dean, Colonel Ross Dedrickson, Edgar Mitchel, etc. The list is a very long one, and the number of testimonies reaches to well over one thousand if we look at them on a global scale.
The question is no longer if UFOs exist, but rather, who or what is behind the wheel? Just as there was evidence for UFOs decades ago when the phenomenon was referred to as a mere 'conspiracy theory,' the same holds true for the hypothesis that some of these objects may indeed be crafts piloted by extraterrestrial or extradimensional beings. There are plenty of reasons to assume that many of these craft are extraterrestrial, from contactee/abduction accounts as well as witness testimonies like the one included above.
The extraterrestrial hypothesis holds a lot of credibility, not to mention that many encounters with these crafts show a display of physics-defying maneuverers. This hypothesis made its way into the mainstream recently when a Pentagon official disclosed its “Aerospace Ariel Threat Identification Program.” The head of that program, Louis Elizondo, went on national television just weeks after retiring from the Pentagon stating that he believes some of these objects are piloted by intelligent extraterrestrials. (source)
So if that's what you believe, you're not alone in your thoughts. Mainstream UFO disclosure requires another discussion, as it's hard to really trust any information or perspective that comes from mainstream media these days.
Video Footage
There are no shortage of, what seem to be, authentic videos from very credible sources. Sure, we've had multiple videos and pictures of these objects released by dozens of governments worldwide, but we also have footage from a number of civilians, like you and me, who have encountered these objects and have been lucky enough to have a phone or a camera on hand.
For example, a UFO was filmed by multiple crews in Turkey on May 13, 2009, and the footage appears to show occupants inside of the craft. It made headlines over there, and is well known to UFOlogists as the Kumburgaz, Turkey UFO incident. There were also several witnesses from the local village. The video was analyzed by the Scientific and Technology Research Board of Turkey (which is sponsored by the government). They concluded and vouched for its authenticity. It was filmed by the late Dr. Roger Lier, which is fascinating because he was a doctor of Podiatric medicine, and arguably the best known individual with regards to extracting alleged alien implants. He has performed more than fifteen surgeries that removed sixteen separate distinct objects. These objects have been investigated by several prestigious laboratories, including Los Alamos National Laboratories, New Mexico Tech, and many others. You can watch him speak at the Citizens Hearing on Disclosure which took place a few years ago here.
The sighting in the video below comes from Erling P. Strand, an assistant professor in the Faculty of Computer Sciences at Østfold University College, Remmen in Halden.
The footage was taken by the Hessadalen Interactive Observatory at Ostfold University College. This particular observatory has captured and documented many strange anomalies that seem to plague the area. As far as I know, its the only official 24 hour UFO observatory in the world. Radar and cameras have tracked and filmed numerous inexplicable phenomenon in this area, with the fastest one recorded at 30,000 km per hour, which is faster than any known aircraft today.
The light phenomena here in Hessadelenm, Norway started in late '81 with a lot of sightings. At the most it was 20 sightings a week. The local people here started to see the light down in the valley, sometimes close to their houses, and they were wondering, what could this be? (Quote from Strand, taken from The Day Before Disclosure)
Radar and camera have since picked up astonishing photos of unexplained light phenomenon. Landings have also been reported, and conclusive evidence showing earth samples have also been taken.
Below is a picture of students and scientists examining a two ton piece of turf that was cut out in the area using laser precision. It was lifted and placed a few meters away. There was no sign of machinery or people.
One week during September 2007, a major survey was carried out by the university scientists assisted by students with several observation units. On the fourth night of the survey, something special happened. Below is footage taken from the film The Day Before Disclosure, written and produced by Filmaker Terje Toftenes. The film (from where the above picture was taken) has footage of multiple instances documented by the observatory as well as more information on this particular area of Norway. It was taken by Stand and the students.
The first bit you see there is what showed up in September, although it's dark but you can hear the excitement of Strand as well as the students as they scream with joy. The second piece of footage within the clip below, where it cuts to shortly after, is another incident that was filmed by the observatory .
youtube
Below is another picture from the observatory, one of many that continue to be completely unexplained to this day.

The Takeaway
What kind of implications are to come from the realization that we are not alone, and that we've been visited by beings from elsewhere for a long time? It truly leaves no aspect of humanity untouched, and it's interesting to reflect on how sheltered we've been from so many topics, not just limited to UFOlogy. Ultimately, this sheltering from the truth often ends up hindering our willingness to learn about these subjects.
We have been conditioned to live our life, accept things the way they are, and ignore any information that challenges our beliefs despite any evidence presented. There is something for us to discover here, perhaps about ourselves or about the nature of reality and where we came from. Not long from now, it will be us traversing through the stars, stumbling upon other civilizations who will look up in awe. But first, we have to collectively accept that it's time to take off the training wheels and fly. No longer can we continue to live on this planet the way we have been. If we want to move forward and live in peace, harmony and abundance, drastic changes need to be made.
At the end of the day, I believe this planet is more important than we are.
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Authentic UFO Footage Caught On Camera By A University Professor & His Research Students
UFOs have gone from being a 'taboo' topic of discussion to a scientifically proven phenomenon. They're real, and practically everybody knows it. This is evident from all of the declassified documents, witness testimonies, and electrooptical data that's available as well as all of the mainstream 'UFO' disclosure that's occurred over the past few years. We're talking about testimonies from astronauts, generals, colonels, pilots and long-time Department of Defence and space agency scientists, like Norman Bergrun, Bob Dean, Colonel Ross Dedrickson, Edgar Mitchel, etc. The list is a very long one, and the number of testimonies reaches to well over one thousand if we look at them on a global scale.
The question is no longer if UFOs exist, but rather, who or what is behind the wheel? Just as there was evidence for UFOs decades ago when the phenomenon was referred to as a mere 'conspiracy theory,' the same holds true for the hypothesis that some of these objects may indeed be crafts piloted by extraterrestrial or extradimensional beings. There are plenty of reasons to assume that many of these craft are extraterrestrial, from contactee/abduction accounts as well as witness testimonies like the one included above.
The extraterrestrial hypothesis holds a lot of credibility, not to mention that many encounters with these crafts show a display of physics-defying maneuverers. This hypothesis made its way into the mainstream recently when a Pentagon official disclosed its “Aerospace Ariel Threat Identification Program.” The head of that program, Louis Elizondo, went on national television just weeks after retiring from the Pentagon stating that he believes some of these objects are piloted by intelligent extraterrestrials. (source)
So if that's what you believe, you're not alone in your thoughts. Mainstream UFO disclosure requires another discussion, as it's hard to really trust any information or perspective that comes from mainstream media these days.
Video Footage
There are no shortage of, what seem to be, authentic videos from very credible sources. Sure, we've had multiple videos and pictures of these objects released by dozens of governments worldwide, but we also have footage from a number of civilians, like you and me, who have encountered these objects and have been lucky enough to have a phone or a camera on hand.
For example, a UFO was filmed by multiple crews in Turkey on May 13, 2009, and the footage appears to show occupants inside of the craft. It made headlines over there, and is well known to UFOlogists as the Kumburgaz, Turkey UFO incident. There were also several witnesses from the local village. The video was analyzed by the Scientific and Technology Research Board of Turkey (which is sponsored by the government). They concluded and vouched for its authenticity. It was filmed by the late Dr. Roger Lier, which is fascinating because he was a doctor of Podiatric medicine, and arguably the best known individual with regards to extracting alleged alien implants. He has performed more than fifteen surgeries that removed sixteen separate distinct objects. These objects have been investigated by several prestigious laboratories, including Los Alamos National Laboratories, New Mexico Tech, and many others. You can watch him speak at the Citizens Hearing on Disclosure which took place a few years ago here.
The sighting in the video below comes from Erling P. Strand, an assistant professor in the Faculty of Computer Sciences at Østfold University College, Remmen in Halden.
The footage was taken by the Hessadalen Interactive Observatory at Ostfold University College. This particular observatory has captured and documented many strange anomalies that seem to plague the area. As far as I know, its the only official 24 hour UFO observatory in the world. Radar and cameras have tracked and filmed numerous inexplicable phenomenon in this area, with the fastest one recorded at 30,000 km per hour, which is faster than any known aircraft today.
The light phenomena here in Hessadelenm, Norway started in late '81 with a lot of sightings. At the most it was 20 sightings a week. The local people here started to see the light down in the valley, sometimes close to their houses, and they were wondering, what could this be? (Quote from Strand, taken from The Day Before Disclosure)
Radar and camera have since picked up astonishing photos of unexplained light phenomenon. Landings have also been reported, and conclusive evidence showing earth samples have also been taken.
Below is a picture of students and scientists examining a two ton piece of turf that was cut out in the area using laser precision. It was lifted and placed a few meters away. There was no sign of machinery or people.
One week during September 2007, a major survey was carried out by the university scientists assisted by students with several observation units. On the fourth night of the survey, something special happened. Below is footage taken from the film The Day Before Disclosure, written and produced by Filmaker Terje Toftenes. The film (from where the above picture was taken) has footage of multiple instances documented by the observatory as well as more information on this particular area of Norway. It was taken by Stand and the students.
The first bit you see there is what showed up in September, although it's dark but you can hear the excitement of Strand as well as the students as they scream with joy. The second piece of footage within the clip below, where it cuts to shortly after, is another incident that was filmed by the observatory .
youtube
Below is another picture from the observatory, one of many that continue to be completely unexplained to this day.

The Takeaway
What kind of implications are to come from the realization that we are not alone, and that we've been visited by beings from elsewhere for a long time? It truly leaves no aspect of humanity untouched, and it's interesting to reflect on how sheltered we've been from so many topics, not just limited to UFOlogy. Ultimately, this sheltering from the truth often ends up hindering our willingness to learn about these subjects.
We have been conditioned to live our life, accept things the way they are, and ignore any information that challenges our beliefs despite any evidence presented. There is something for us to discover here, perhaps about ourselves or about the nature of reality and where we came from. Not long from now, it will be us traversing through the stars, stumbling upon other civilizations who will look up in awe. But first, we have to collectively accept that it's time to take off the training wheels and fly. No longer can we continue to live on this planet the way we have been. If we want to move forward and live in peace, harmony and abundance, drastic changes need to be made.
At the end of the day, I believe this planet is more important than we are.
0 notes